Once again medical science has made another breakthrough. Clodronate liposome showed promising therapeutic activity in various animal models with neurological disorder, transplantation, autoimmune diseases, gene therapy and even cancer. Indeed, several medical researches have obtained positive results to such form of therapy. However, this is yet to be performed in humans. Research has been mostly conducted to animals, or if not then in vitro using human cells most of which with disease though.

Apart from cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer are among the common medical condition of people through out the world. What's worse is that both diseases remains to be incurable as all present therapies focuses on how to slow down the progression or worsening of the disease.

It activates the process of T and B lymphocytes, meaning they are the ones that can activate the immune system to work. Such phenomenon though is a good thing as it defends human from getting sick such as flu or any another viral diseases. But, this could also be a bad thing especially to those that have autoimmune diseases or to people that just had a transplant operation.

Transplant surgery often face the risk of transplant rejection, wherein the patient's immune system will attack the transplanted organ. As the immune system becomes overly reactive this will soon bring forth medical conditions, hence the term autoimmune diseases. This includes systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, grave's disease, Sjogren's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, prenicious anemia and many others. Autoimmune diseases, transplantation and cancer are one of the most common condition that indicates increased phagocytotic activity.

Clodronate or also known as clodronic acid or clodronate disodium is a bisphosphonate that depletes macrophage hence reducing phagocytosis and suppresses the immune system. Liposomes on the other hand are artificially made lipid vesicles that are mostly used to encapsulate or carry strong hydrophilic substance in aqueous solution, for example clodronate.

Therefore liposomes acts as a vehicle to effectively carry clodronate inside the body and towards the cells without destroying its composition. After injecting the solution, the macrophage will then automatically identifies the substance to be foreign hence engulfing it. As soon as the macrophage ingest and digest the liposome, the main component of the drug will be released intracellularly.

Afterwhich the substance will then induce apoptosis on the macrophage, or in other words death to the cell, particularly the macrophages. Experiments with such component have shown interesting outcome specifically in suppressing macrophage activity in several autoimmune diseases. Such process can also help in suppressing immune response to transplant patients and gene therapy patients.

As soon as the active component is released inside the macrophage cell, it will cause apoptosis, or in other words, cell death. With the death of macrophage cells, this will suppress the immune system. This is why, such component has shown promising results towards reducing disease progression of patients with autoimmune disease as well as prevent transplant rejection.

Several research conclusions have made clodronate liposome a promising therapeutic agent for humans affected with cancer and autoimmune diseases. Such component was said to have a significant role in cardiovascular diseases as well and that includes myocardial infarction.