Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong condition identified by high levels of sugar in the bloodstream. It has two kinds, namely, type 1 diabetes results from the loss of insulin-manufacturing cells in the pancreas, which in turn brings about insulin deficiency, and type 2 diabetes that is brought about by insulin resistance or cellular inability to make use of insulin. The incidence of diabetes is increasing rapidly worldwide, but most drastically in developed countries. As of 2010, approximately 285 million people around the world have diabetes, with Type 2 DM making up 9 out of 10 of these cases. It is predicted that by 2030, this number will increase to more than double.

Diabetes causes

Type 1 diabetes

This kind of diabetes is partly hereditary, and it often is triggered after an infection. In type 1 DM, the body's immune system attacks and eradicates insulin-producing cells, leaving the body with no or negligible amounts of insulin. This form of diabetes is not related to lifestyle, and it can come about during childhood.

Type 2 diabetes

This kind of diabetes is a disease of affluence, and it is strongly linked with obesity, although not all type 2 DM sufferers are at an unhealthy weight. Genetics can also contribute to type 2 diabetes, and environmental factors triggers this predisposition. Certain diseases, polycystic ovary syndrome for example, and some drugs, just like glucocorticoids, can elevate the risk for diabetes.

Symptoms of diabetes

Both forms of diabetes can show the same signs and symptoms. Diabetes sufferers often experience excessive thirst and therefore frequent urination, frequent and intense hunger pangs and fatigue as a result of cellular starvation, and frequent infections. Unexplained weight loss may also be encountered, but not all the time. Poorly managed diabetes can also result in microvascular changes, which can cause blurred vision, longer than usual wound healing time especially in the lower extremities, and decreased sensation in the hands and feet, which increases their risk of being wounded without their knowledge.

Diabetes treatment

Currently, there are no proven cures yet for diabetes, but disease management is possible by using drugs, like insulin and oral hypoglycemics, and lifestyle changes, including following a controlled diet and raising physical activity. Keeping track of blood sugar and periodic check-ups with a doctor are also essential to monitor the effectiveness of disease management as well prevent or detect complications. For diabetes that is difficult to control, a pancreas transplant is also an option, but only utilized as a final resort. It is also vital that you quit smoking and limit alcohol intake because these can accelerate the development of complications.